maolean



Aug. 24, 1937. ac A Re. 20,485

BOLT

Original Filed Dec. 2, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet l %c gm h Aug. 24, 1937 J. A, Ma'cLEAN Re. 20,485 Y BOLT Original Filed Dec. 2, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet Reissued Aug. 24, 1937 BOLT John A. MacLean, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Mac- Lean-Fogg' Lock Nut Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Original No. 1,946,800, dated February 13, 1934,

Serial No. 499,561, December 2, 1930. Applicatig: for reissue February 7, 1936, Serial No. 62,7

4 Claims. (01. 85-9) The present invention relates to bolts, and is particularly concerned with improvements in water-tight bolts for use in railway freight and passenger cars and industrial cars and the like.

5 While the present invention is of particular which is necessary with carriage and other types. 5

importance in connection with railway freight of sheathing or flooring bolts, and to aid in effectcars, it should be understood that the present bolt ing a waterproof seal about the head of the bolt. is capable of universal use and will be found ad- Another object is the provision of a bolt for vantageous wherever it is desirable to effect a use in coal mine pit and conveying cars and the waterproof or water-tight seal about the head of like. Carsof this class are fastened with carriage 10 the bolt, or where it is desirable to utilize any of bolts, the heads of which project inside of the the other novel features of the bolt. cars. In dumping the load, a great deal of coal The railway freight cars of the prior art, which is crushed and broken up by'these carriage head have their wooden sheathing secured by ordinary bolts. This degrades the coal. With the use of bolts, such as carriage bolts, are subject to the the improved bolt, the inside surfaces of the cars 15 disadvantage that the wooden sheathing must be would be smooth, thus eliminating breakage and countersunk to receive the heads of the carriage degrading. bolts. In countersinking for the heads of the A further object of the invention is the provibolts, the edges around the countersunk holes are sion of an improved wood bolt provided with a nearly always ragged and splintered. These raghead having portions adapted to be drawn into 20 ged and splintered edges-are the cause of loss and the wood to form a fluid-tight seal, and also to damage to lading contained in sacks, such as prevent the bolt from turning. flour, sugar, cement, etc. It is, therefore, a desid- A further object of the invention is the provieratuni in freight cars,-that all fastening devices sion of an improved wood bolt provided with a for sheathing, floors and any other portion of head having, on its underside, a ridge around the 25 cars where bolts extend from inside to outside of shank, which is out of circular relation with recars,.be installed with the heads flush with the spect to the center of the shank. surface of the wood. It also, should be borne A further object of the invention is to provide in mind that countersinking of the wood cuts a a bolt with an improved shoulder on the shank great deal of it away, thus materially decreasing adjacent the head. 0

its strength. A further object of the invention is to provide Another disadvantage of the prior'art bolts is a bolt having an improved shoulder on the shank that water leaks in past the heads of the bolts so adjacent the head, and having a ridge on the that the lumber soon begins to rot beneath the underside of the head in such relation that the bolt head. The sheathing becomes loose, holes shoulder and ridge cooperate to ensure intertight 5 are formed in the sides and floors of the car, perseal between the head and wood to which the bolt mitting leakage of the cargo such as grain, etc. is applied.

The water which leaks past-thebolt heads often Other objects and advantages of the invention causes damage to the cargo. v will be apparent" from the following description 40 One of the objects of the present invention is and from the accompanying drawings in which 40 the provision of an improved water-tight bolt of similar characters of reference indicate similar the same general type covered by my prior appliparts throughout the several views, and in cation, Serial No. 423,011, filed January 24, 1930. which: 1 I

Another object of the invention is the provision Figure 1 is a sectional yiew taken through a 5 of an improved car construction including waterpart of the railway car, showing wooden flooring tight fastening devices for sheathing, flooring, or sheathing secured with a bolt. constructed acroofing and other portions of cars where bolts excording to the present invention.

tend from inside to outside, for the purpose of Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the bolt, taken on eliminating looseness and rotting of the lumber the plane of the line 2- -2 of Fig. 1. about the bolts. Fig. 3 is asiniilarview of a modified form of 50 Another object is the provision of an improved bolt having a head adapted to be drawn into sealing engagement with the lumber, so as to eliminate the diificulties brought about by leakage of water past the head of the bolt.

Another object is the provision of a bolt of the class described, in which the head is adapted to be drawn substantially flush with the wood surface, thus eliminating the operation of countersinking,

bolt.

Fig. 4 is asimilar view of a modified form of bolt.

Fig. 5 is a similar view of a modified form of bolt.

Fig. is a sectional view of a modified form 10 of bolt taken on the line |0-|0 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 11 is an elevational detail view of the upper end thereof.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a modified form of bolt take-n on the line |2--|2 of Fig. 13, and 15 Fig. 13 is an. elevational detail view of the uppe end thereof.

Referring to Fig. 1, this figure shows an installation which is exemplary of one of the many forms in which the invention may be utilized, the flooring or sheathing ll) being secured in place by a plurality of bolts II, which pass through metal sills, braces, or framework l2. The present bolts may be used with any kind of lumber, but where a tight construction is desirable, some form. of tongue and groove lumber is usually employed. The metal supporting member I2 is provided with a bore l3 of sufficient size to receive the bolt II and the lumber may be bored with ordinary cylindrical holes M of the same size or preferably slightly smaller than the bolt I I. .Any form of nut IE or other threaded member may be em ployed, which is capable of cooperating with the complementary threaded portion l6 formed on the bolt II', and it should be understood that, if desired, the threaded bore may be formed in the bolt, and the nut provided with a male threaded portion. i

The bolt l preferably includes a head IT, a 40 cylindrical'body portion or shank l8, having a threaded portion I6. The head I1 is preferably circular in shape and tapered in thickness from the body of the bolt out towards the outer edge I9 of the head. Thus thelower surface 20 of the head slopes slightly upward away from the body or shank l8.

The top surface 2| of the head is preferably, but not necessarily, convexly curved, the curvature being slight in order to prevent the forma- 60 tion of projections on the surface of the lumber, but the curvature being suflicient to give sufli-. cient body to the member for the necessary strength. It should be understood, however, that the shape of the upper surface of the head may be changed, while still utilizing the other features of the present invention, and the head may be made entirely flat at the surface 2|, if desired. The lower surface 20 of the head is provided with an integral ridge or camming formation 22, which preferably extends completely around the shank of the bolt 50- as to provide a water-tight seal in engagement withthe woodwork III. The ridge 22 is preferably V-shaped in cross section, although it. may be made ovalor any other shape 05 which is capable of accomplishing the purposes -herein set forth. The ridge is preferably arranged to compress the wood both inwardly and outwardly and thereby insure a water-tight seal. The ridge 22 is located in non-circular relation 70 with respect to the shank so that when the bolt is being tightened up, the engagement of the ridge with the wood is such that rotation of the bolt is prevented.

The apex or outermost edge of the ridge 22 75 may be in a plane so that it may make complete OAQS Fig. 6 is a similar view of a. modified form of contact with the wood at or about the same time. The apex or outermost edge of the ridge 22 may, however, correspond to the shape of the under surface 2| of the bolt head II. In this modification, the ridge will be drawn into eife'ctive contact with the wood before heavy turning forces are applied upon the shank by the nut l5.

In the modificationshown in Figs. 1 and' 2, the

ridge 22 is elliptical or oval inshape. It will readily be understood that when the ridge is drawn into the wood the portions between the major and minor axes being non-circular with respect to the axisof the bolt, or, in other words, oblique to the radial direction, effectively oppose rotation of the bolt. This opposition to rotation becomes greater as the bolt head is drawn into the wood.

In the modification shown-in Fig. 3, the ridge is of hexagonal shape. In this form. the angular portions of the figure provide abutments which engage the angular portions of the recess formed by the ridge. Since these angular portions are located at a substantial distance from the axis, the opposition to rotation thus provided is very considerable.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4, the-ridge is in the form of a square. This modification provides the ridge with smaller-angles which increase the resistance to rotation.

In the modifications described above, the fig.- ures formed by the ridge have been symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis. They may,

' however, be unsymmetrically arranged, if desired,

and the resistance to rotation thereby increased. In Fig. 5 is illustrated an embodiment in which the ridge is circular and is eccentrically arranged during tightening, the complete shank of the In Figs. 6 to 12 I have shown bolts having various forms of shoulders which are adapted to ensure a water-tight seal with the wood. The bolt shown in Figs. Grand 7 has a shoulder 23 of hexagonal cross section which is driven into the wood when the bolt is applied. The wood is broken up to a much less extent than is the case when the usual square shoulders are employed. It is pre-.

ferred to provide a 'camming ridge 22 on the underside of the head 2| of thesame configuration as the shoulder 23, but this is not essential and the modified form of shoulder contemplated by the invention may be employed on bolts having ridges of the same or different configuration, or bolts without ridges at all. Where the bolt is provided with a ridge 22, the wood displaced by he shoulder 23 is pressed outwardly towards the ridge and consequently the wood between the ridge and shoulder is compressed so as to ensure a tight seal.

. In the form shown in Figs, 7 and 8, a shoulder 24 of hexagonal cross section is provided, in conjunction with a ridge 22, which, by way of example, is shown as of hexagonal configuration. As will be seen from Fig. 8 the shoulder 24 tapers inwardly away from the head I! so that, when the bolt is driven intothe wood, the sloping sides displace the wood in the radial direction and makes a very tight seal.

It will be understood that I do not intend to be limited to a tapered shoulder of any particular cross section, since tapered shoulders of any cross section exert a beneficient camming action. In Figs, 10 and 11, I show a bolt having a tapered shoulder 25 of square cross section, and by way of example, a square ridge 22 arranged so that the sides of the shoulder and the inner sides of theridge compress the wood between them.

In Figs. 12 and 13, I have shown a bolt having a tapered shoulder 28 of round cross section. By

. way of example, the head may not be provided with a ridge, although a ridge of any configuration may be provided on the underside of the head I'I, if desired. The shoulder 26, being frusto-conical in shape, exertsconsiderable pressure on the adjacent wood without fracturing the fibers, and consequently serves to a great extent to 'maintain a watertight seal around the bolt.

The operation and installation of the present bolt is as folows:

The lumber I0 is preferably provided with a bore ll slightly smaller than the body IQ of the bolt, to provide a close fit, and the bolt I I may be driven into the bore as far as possible with a hammer or other driving tool. The nut i5 may then be placed upon the threaded portion I G of the bolt, and the nut threaded home by means of a wrench or other tool, during which operation the bolt will be gradually drawn intothe bore I 4, the head embedding itself in the surface of the lumber about the bore I4, until the head is substantially -flush with the surface of the lumber. During this operation, the ridge 22 is drawn into the lumber, and since it is located in noncircular relation to the shank, rotation of the bolt is prevented.

The ridge -22 compresses the fibers of the lumher, and since such ridge is in the form of a continuous figure, a zone of compressed fibers is provided around the shank, thereby insuring a substantially perfect waterproof seal. Where the bolt is provided with a shoulder of the type shown or an equivalent shoulder, the shoulder displaces part of the wood outwardly towards the ridge 22, increasing the sealing pressure acting on the wood and providing a superior seal.

The nut l5 and thread l6 constitute a force multiplying device for effecting the'sealing engagement between the head and the lumber, as well as means for permanently securing these parts in sealing engagement, and any kind of nut, including lock nuts or look washers, may be employed for this purpose.

It will thus be observed that I have invented an improved bolt, which has peculiar advantages when used in connection with refrigerator cars, for the reason that it is highly desirable to avoid leakage of water into the holes about the bolts in such cars. The present bolts effect a substantial improvement in the life and serviceability of the cars which are equipped with such bolts, and the bolts are adapted to prevent leakage and enable the lumber to give good service for a much longer period of. time than the devices of the priorart. When the present bolts are employed with relatively hard wood, the heads of the bolt provide a perfectly waterproof seal, which prevents water from leaking through the floor,

damaging the installation and rotting the lumber. 1

It is of the utmost importance that the insulation of refrigerator cars be kept dry in order to maintain the insulating value, ,and particularly on account of the fact that the'insulation is enclosed between the walls of the car where it will not dry out very quickly, should it ever become wet. I

While I have illustrated preferred embodiments of my invention, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of. all changes within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. An article of manufacture. comprising a replacement bolt for wood holes comprising a bolt shank having a head, force multiplying means carried by the end of said shank for drawing the head into engagement with the 'wood of a member secured by said bolt, said shank having a non-circular tapered portion adjacent said head, and having wedging surfaces, saidtapered portion of the shank increasing in size from the shank to the head and being adapted to be wedged into a worn wood hole to contact the food fibers surrounding the upper end of the hole, said head comprising a circular member tapering gradually from its center toward its outer edges and adapted to be drawn into the wood substantially flush with the upper surface thereof, and a noncircular ridge having its sides parallel to the said wedging surfaces, substantially V-shaped in cross-section, carried by the lower side of the head for eflecting a water-tight seal between the head of the bolt and the adjacent wood; said ridge being adapted to prevent rotation of the bolt and cooperating with the wedging surfaces to cam the intermediate wood fibers when being drawn up.

2. An article of manufacture comprising a water-tight bolt for wood comprising a bolt shank having a head, force multiplying means carried by the end of said shank for drawing the head into engagement with the wood of a member secured by said bolt, said shank having an elongated tapered portion adjacent said head, said tapered portion of the shank increasing in size from the shank to the head and being adapted.

to be wedged into a hole in the wood to compress the wood fibers surrounding that end of the hole, said head comprising a member adapted to be drawn into the wood substantially flush with the outer surface of the wood, and having a noncircular ridge on its lower side, saidridge being substantially V-shaped in section and adapted to cooperate with said tapered portion on said shank to effect a water-tight seal between the head of the bolt and the adjacent wood.

3. An article of manufacture comprising a water-tight bolt for wood comprising a bolt shank having a head, force multiplying means carried by the end of said shank for drawing the head into engagement with the wood of a member secured by said bolt, said shank having an elongated tapered portion adjacent said head, said tapered portion of the shank increasing in size from the shankto the head and being adapted to be wedged into a hole in the wood to compress the wood fibers surrounding that end of the hole, said head comprising a member adapted to be drawn into the wood substantially flush is a downwardly extending flange terminating with the outer surface of the wood, and having in a cutting edge, said bolt being provided ada. ridge on its lower side, said ridge being subjacent its head with a non-circular part projectstantially V-shaped in section and adapted to ing beyond the body and extending below said cooperate with said tapered surface on said shank flange, the under'surface of said head being 5 to effect a water-tight seal between the head of tapered to provide an inclined face extending the bolt and t e adjacent wood, said ridge be ng from said flange to the non-circular part and non-circular in plan and adapted to prevent opposing the inner wall of said flange to comrotation of the bolt when the bolt is being drawn press the material to which the bolt is applied 10 o engagement w h t e WOOdand thereby form ,a water-tight joint. l 10 4. A bolt for the purpose described, having a threaded cylindrical body and a headon which JOHN A. MAcLEAN. 

